(DOWNLOAD) "Aramaic 'K', Lyk' and Iraqi Arabic 'Aku, Maku: The Mesopotamian Particles of Existence." by The Journal of the American Oriental Society # Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Aramaic 'K', Lyk' and Iraqi Arabic 'Aku, Maku: The Mesopotamian Particles of Existence.
- Author : The Journal of the American Oriental Society
- Release Date : January 01, 2003
- Genre: Social Science,Books,Nonfiction,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 197 KB
Description
A linguistic phenomenon which has been evident in the central and southern Mesopotamian area (the former Babylonia), including neighboring Khuzistan, since the early Christian centuries is the deictic indicator k' "here" that functions predominantly as the adverb k' or kh, and is a Common Aramaic particle. (1) The earliest attestation of kh in Aramaic occurs in the Sfire inscriptions in ancient northern Syria outside the boundaries of Mesopotamia, (2) and it is still employed in modern Aramaic. This deictic particle can be combined with many other grammatical particles. For example, with the deictic element h' it forms the adverb hkh or h(')k' "here, hither," (3) which appears in Classical Syriac in a dissimilated variant hrk' (4) and in modern West Aramaic (e.g., Ma'lula) on account of phonetic change as hoxa. (5) Furthermore ka can be combined with prepositions, e.g., with the proclitic preposition l_, as the adverb lk' "here," with 'd as 'd k' "up to here," or with mn as mn k' "from here." (6) This list could be lengthened, but for our purposes this is not necessary, since all other possible combinations can be looked up in the relevant Aramaic dictionaries. Another grammatical category where the deictic indicator k' is in use is that of the demonstrative pronouns that refer to distance. As early as Imperial Aramaic forms such as zk, dk, zk', znk, and zky (7) and augmented variants h'z'k, and h'zyk (pre-Classical Mandaic) (8) are employed, and only later shortened variants like h'k "that," identical for the masculine and feminine singular. (9) For the plural ("those") one has 'lk, 'lky in Imperial Aramaic, hlyk in Qumran Aramaic and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, hn(y)k in Christian Palestinian Aramaic, Babylonian Talmudic Aramaic, and Mandaic. (10) This means that the deictic particle k' can be added to the basic forms of the demonstrative pronouns that are identical with the neardeixis (z', d', zn, dn, or 'ylyn, hlyn, and hnyn), thereby forming the far-deixis.
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